I. Daɲɛ fɔlɔ
Crystal Oscillator (a bɛ fɔ a ma ko XO) ye fɛn nafama dɔ ye bi ɛntɛrinɛti minɛnw na. Server sitɛmuw kɔnɔ, XO jɔyɔrɔ bɛ "waati ɲɛfɔli" la, ka waati taamasiyɛn sabatilenw ni tiɲɛnenw di sistɛmu bɛɛ ma. Ni kunnafonidilanw ka sɛgɛsɛgɛliw cayara ani ni dannayaba ni baarakɛcogo ɲuman ɲinini bɛ ka caya, XO jɔyɔrɔ nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ sèrwɛriw kɔnɔ.
II. Cristal Oscillators ka sariyakolo jɔnjɔnw
A ka c’a la, XO bɛ baara kɛ ni kuran kristalɛ ye, min bɛ ni piezoelectric effect ye, wa a bɛ se ka masin yɛrɛyɛrɛ lawuli ni voltage dɔ kɛra. Ni masinw ka yɛrɛyɛrɛ bɛrɛbɛrɛli bɛ Kɛ kuran taamaʃyɛn ye min ka fɔlikan bɛ sabati kosɛbɛ ka Tɛmɛ sɛrɛkili dɔ fɛ, wagati taamaʃyɛn min bɛ ɲini o sistɛm fɛ, o bɛ Sɔrɔ. A ka c’a la, XO ka fɔcogo bɛ daminɛ kHz tan caman na ka se MHz kɛmɛ caman ma.
III. Crystal Oscillators ka baarakɛcogo jɔnjɔnw Serverw kɔnɔ
Karte ba Wagati Jɛnɛya
Serverw bɛ waati taamasiyɛn caman de wajibiya karti ba kan walasa ka modulu caman baarakɛcogo ɲɛnabɔ i n’a fɔ processeurs, memory, PCIe buss, ani network controllers. XOw bɛ waati taamasiyɛn caman lawuli minnu ka fɔcogo tɛ kelen ye PLL (Phase-Locked Loop) sɛrɛkiliw fɛ walasa ka bɛnkan sɔrɔ yɔrɔ suguya caman ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ.
Processeur ni Chipset Sinsinnan
CPUw ni chipsets (puce)w bɛ reference frequences sabatilenw de wajibiya walasa ka kunnafonidilanw falenfalen teliya la. XOw bɛ waatibolodacogo jɔnjɔnw di o modulu ninnu ma, wa frequency sabatili bɛ nɔ bila porosesɛri baarakɛcogo la ani kunnafonidilanw ka bɛnbaliya la.
Réseau Communication Wagati
A ka c’a la, Server Network Interface Cards (NIC) bɛ waati ɲɔgɔndanba de wajibiya, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, baarakɛminɛnw cogoyaw la i n’a fɔ jagokɛcogo min ka ca ni{1}}frequency ye ani kunnafonidilanw. XOw bɛ wagatiw di minnu bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min ka bon-rezo PHY ni MAC layɛrɛw ma, wa u ye yɔrɔ kolomaw ye walasa ka rezow ka ɲɔgɔndɛmɛ tigitigi sɔrɔ.
Storage Control ani Donanw dafalen
Storage subsystems i n’a fɔ RAID controllers ani NVMe controllers bɛ u jigi da waati taamasiyɛn tigitigiw kan kunnafonidilanw bolodacogo ni filiw latilenni kama. XO minnu ka bon-, olu bɛ se ka marayɔrɔw sabatili ni kunnafonidilanw dafalen ɲɛ.
Waati tila-tilalenw ka ɲɔgɔndɛmɛ
Bi jatebɔlanw kɔnɔ minnu tilalen don (i n’a fɔ HPC, jagokɛyɔrɔw minnu bɛ caya-fɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la), PTP (Precision Time Protocol) walima NTP (Network Time Protocol) bɛ baara kɛ ni waati ɲɔgɔndan ye. XO minnu sabatilen don kosɛbɛ- (misali la, OCXO) bɛ kɛ sigida waati jateminɛnanw ye, minnu bɛ dɛmɛ don ka waati jiginni dɔgɔya ani ka sistɛmu ka jɛkafɔ kɛcogo bɛɛ lajɛlen ɲɛ.
IV. Fɛn minnu ka kan ka kɛ ka ɲɛsin fɛnw ɲɛfɔcogo jɔnjɔnw ma
Ni baara bɛ kɛ ni XOw ye sèrwɛri sigidaw la, nin fɛɛrɛko jɔnjɔn ninnu ka kan ka sinsin:
|
Fɛrɛnkan (MHz/kHz) . |
Frequency Category (Fɛrɛnkanw) suguya |
Aplikasi Modules (Modules de application) minnu bɛ kɛ cogoya la |
Ɲɛfɔli/Kɔlɔsili |
|
32,768 kHz ye |
Dɔgɔya-Frequence Clock |
RTC (Waati wagati lakika-Waati wagati) . |
A bɛ kɛ ka waati mara ni sistɛmu bɛ labɛn na |
|
12 / 24 / 48 MHz ye |
Fréquence de contrôle général |
USB controleur, controleur embedded, wdfl. |
A ka ca a la kumaɲɔgɔnya siratigɛ la |
|
14,318 MHz ye |
Laadalata ka ɲɛfɔli kɛcogo |
BIOS wagati, wagati puce kɔrɔ dɔw |
A bɔra dɔɔnin dɔɔnin bi kartiw kɔnɔ |
|
25 MHz ye |
Ɲɛfɔli XO |
Réseau PHY, SATA, USB, karti ba waati jatebɔlan |
Reference frequency (fɔcogo-fɔcogo) min ka ca kosɛbɛ |
|
100 MHz ye |
Karta ba ka ɲɛfɔli |
CPU BCLK, PCIe waati, PLL doncogo |
Jɛnkulu karti ba wagati sɔrɔyɔrɔ |
|
125 MHz ye |
Réseau Interface Fréquence (Fɛrɛnkan min bɛ sɔrɔ ɲɔgɔn fɛ). |
Gigabit Etɛrinɛti |
SerDes walima PHY ka waati jateminɛnan |
|
156,250 MHz ye |
High-Teliya Rezo Frequency |
10G/25G/40G/100G Etɛrinɛti ɲɔgɔndanw |
SerDes waati, min ka ca NIC teliya-teliyabaw la |
|
200 MHz ye |
Hakilila Reference Frequency (Hakilila-jɔ-cogo). |
DDR3/DDR4 ɲɛnabɔbaga |
DDR frequency yɛrɛ ye nafa ye frequency multiplication kɔfɛ |
|
312,5 / 625 MHz ye |
SerDes Fɛrɛnkan |
Rezo teliyaba-, PCIe PHY |
Seriyali kumaɲɔgɔnya cikan wagati |
|
400–800 MHz ye |
DDR5 Reference Waati |
DDR5 hakilijagabɔ-minɛn |
DDR5 ka frequency ka bon ani a ka wajibiw ka gɛlɛn wagatiw ma |
|
2,5–5.0+ GHz ye |
CPU Core Frequency (Fɛrɛkan min bɛ wele ko Core Frequency). |
Processeur (porosesɛri) kɔnɔ |
A bɛ bɔ BCLK la (misali la, 100 MHz) frequency multiplication kɔfɛ |
VI. Kuncɛli
Hali ni XO ye fɛn fitinin dɔrɔn ye sèrwɛri kɔnɔ, a jɔyɔrɔ ka bon kosɛbɛ. A kɛra kunnafonidilan ye wo, a kɛra ɛntɛrinɛti kumaɲɔgɔnya ye wo, a kɛra waati ɲɔgɔndan ye wo, waati taamasiyɛn sabatilenw ni dannaya bɛ se ka da minnu kan, olu de ye sistɛmu baarakɛcogo jusigilan ye. Ni sèrwɛri baarakɛcogo ɲɛtaa bɛ senna, baarakɛcogo wajibiyalenw fana bɛ ka caya XOw la. XO ɲɛnabɔcogo bɛnnen sugandili ye fɛn dɔ ye min bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka sèrwɛriw ka baarakɛcogo sabatilen kuntaalajan{3}}sigi.
Hangjing ye kiliyan caman di sèrwɛri baarakɛyɔrɔ la, ni XO bɛnkan nafamaw ni furaw ye, wa a bɛ se ka fɛɛrɛdɛmɛ min bɛ bɛn o ma.
