Ɲɛfɔli caman kɛra Paramɛtiri jɔnjɔnw kan Quartz Crystal Oscillators (Quartz Crystal Oscillators) la
Quartz kristalo oscillateurs (QCOs) bɛ baara kɛ ni quartz cristals ka piezoelectric effect ye walasa ka ocillation frequences (yɛrɛyɛrɛli teliya-precision frequences caman dilan ani ka kɛ waati taamasiyɛnw sɔrɔyɔrɔ fɔlɔ ye ɛntɛrinɛti sigidaw kɔnɔ. U ka paramɛtiriw sigilen bɛ frequency characteristics, kuran impedansi, quality factor, ani long-term stability. O paramɛtɛrɛw kɔrɔw n’u jɛɲɔgɔnyaw faamuyali ɲuman ye sugandili ɲuman ni u waleyacogo dafalen jusigilan ye.
- Frequency Paramètres (Fɛrɛnkan Paramɛtiriw).
1.Tɔgɔla Frequency:Fɛrɛnkan tɔgɔla ye frequency (fɔkan) hakɛ kofɔlen ye min ɲɛfɔlen don kristalɛ yɔrɔ dɔ ka ɲɛfɔliw kɔnɔ. A bɛ baarakɛcogo ɲuman jira min bɛ makɔnɔ kafoba ka dilancogo ni a yɔrɔw sugandili waati.
2.Frequence muɲuli: Frequency tolerance (fɛrɛnkan muɲuli) bɛ tali kɛ baarakɛ-fɛrɛnkan lakika ka bɔli hakɛ la min bɛ se ka kɛ ka bɔ frequency tɔgɔlama na reference temperature (fɔkan hakɛ) la, a ka c’a la, o ye degere 25 ye . A ka ca a la a bɛ jira ppm (yɔrɔ miliyɔn kelen na).
3.Frequency sabatili ka tɛmɛn funteni kan:Fɛrɛnkan sabatili funteni kan, o bɛ tali kɛ baarakɛcogo caman yeli ye min bɛ se ka kɛ baarakɛcogo funteni hakɛ kofɔlen kɔnɔ, ka kɛɲɛ ni frequency ye min bɛ tali kɛ funteni hakɛ la.
O paramɛtiri in b’a Jira ko kristalɛ ka fɔcogo bɛ To sabati cogo min na funteni cogoya wɛrɛw la. A nafa ka bon kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la baarakɛminɛnw na minnu bɛ baara sabatilen wajibiya funteni hakɛ caman na, i n’a fɔ izini minɛnw ani mobili ɛntɛrinɛti.
4.Resonance Frequency (FR): Ɲɛgɛnɛsiraw ani mɔgɔ dogoyɔrɔw:O ye 'fɛrɛnkan fla la dɔgɔmannin ye minnu na kristalɛ yɔrɔ dɔ ka impedansi bɛ Kɛ 'rezisti gansan ye cogoya kofɔlenw na.
Ni capacitance statique C0 nɔ ma jate, FR bɛ bɛn seri resonance frequency (Fs) ma, o min bɛ dantigɛ ni kristalɛ ka capacitance dynamique C1 ani inductance dynamique L1 ye.
FR bɛ kristalɛ kɔnɔna rezɔn yɔrɔ jira wa a bɛ jateminɛ tuma caman na frequency trimming ni adjustment designs (fɔkanw tigɛcogo) ni ladilanni dilanw na oscillators (oscillateurs) sabatili caman na.
5.Doni Rezɔn Frequency (FL):O ye frequency ye min na kristali yɔrɔ ka impedansi faralen ɲɔgɔn kan ani doni capacitance kofɔlen bɛ kɛ resistive ye.Crystal min sirilen don ɲɔgɔn na, FL ye frequency dɔgɔman ye kristalɛ min sirilen don ɲɔgɔn na, o ye frequency (fɔkan) ye min ka bon.
Circuits pratiques kɔnɔ, a ka c’a la, kristalɛw bɛ baara kɛ FL la sanni ka baara kɛ FR la. Doni hakɛ (CL) nafa bɛ nɔ bila FL ni FR cɛ frequency shift (fɔkan jiginni) la k’a ɲɛsin a ma, o b’a kɛ paramɛtiri nafama ye frequency (fɔkan) ladilanni ni a ladilanni na.
- Kuran ni Impedansi Paramɛtiriw
1.Equivalent Seri Resistance (ESR / R1) .:O ye kristalɛ ka seri bolofara ɲɔgɔndan nafa ye wa a ye paramɛtɛrɛ jɔnjɔn ye kristalɛ bɔnɛw jateminɛni na.
ESR dɔgɔyali bɛ caman jira ko Q factor ka bon, o bɛ nɔgɔya don oscillateur circuit ma ka oscillation daminɛ ani ka dɛmɛ don ka frequency stability ɲuman sɔrɔ.
Kristali minnu ka pakew ka dɔgɔn, a ka c’a la, olu ka ESR hakɛ ka bon. Ni kristalɛ dɔ sugandira, ESR hakɛ maksimali min ɲɛfɔlen don fɛn ɲɛfɔlenw kɔnɔ, o ka kan ka kɛ dilancogo dantigɛli ye.
2.Resonance Resistance (RR) ka .: A bɛ tali kɛ kristalɛ ka rezisti bɛnkan na a ka rezɔn frequency la.Ni static capacitance C0 nɔ ma jate, RR bɛ bɛn ESR ma.O paramètre bɛ nɔ bila kristal ka oscillation amplitude ni oscillation start-up margin of the circuit.
3.Doni Rezɔn Rezisti (RL) .: O ye kristali ka resistance ye ni a sirilen don ɲɔgɔn na ni kɛnɛma capacitance kofɔlen ye ani ka baara kɛ load resonance frequency (FL) la.RL nafa bɛ ɲɔgɔn ta ni doni capacitance CL ye, wa a ka bon tuma bɛɛ ka tɛmɛ ESR kan.
4.Shunt ka seko (C0) .:O ye kapasitansi ye min bɛ kristalɛ ka sɛrɛkili ɲɔgɔndan bolofara jɔlen na.A bɛ bɔ fɛnw na kosɛbɛ i n’a fɔ elekitorode yɔrɔ, kristalɛ janya, ani a dilanni taabolo, wa a ka c’a la, a bɛ Picofarads(pF) damadɔw cɛ.C0 bɛ nɔ bila frequency pulling range la ani oscillator circuit ka kɛnɛma capacitance matching la.
5.kapasitansi dinamiki(C1) ani Inductance dinamiki (L1) .:ka sɛrɛkili min bɛ bɛn o ma, o bolo fangama kɔnɔ. C1 bɛ bɔ elekitorode yɔrɔ la, wafer paralɛli la, ani fine-tuning hakɛ la, wa a ka c’a la, a bɛ kɛ femtofarad (fF) sɛgɛsɛgɛli la; L1 ni C1 bɛ jɛ ka seri rezɔn frequency Fr=1/(2π√(L1·C1)) dantigɛ).Ikomi C1 ka dɔgɔ kosɛbɛ, frequence (fɔkan) tiɲɛni min bɛ sɔrɔ capacitance stray fɛ sɛrɛkili kɔnɔ, o tɛ se ka ban.
6.Doni Capacitance (CL) .:O ni kristalɛ-yɔrɔ faralen ɲɔgɔn kan, o bɛ kɛnɛma-kapasita nafa nafama dantigɛ doni rezɔn-fɛrɛnkan FL la. CL nafa min kofɔlen don kunnafonidilan kɔnɔ, o bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli cogoyaw ni baarakɛcogo fila bɛɛ jira. Nafa minnu bɛ sɔrɔ tuma caman na olu ye 10 pF, 15 pF, 20 pF, walima ∞ (yɔrɔ min na ∞ bɛ seriyali rezɔn cogoya jira, o min tɛ kɛnɛma capacitance wajibiya). CL kɔnɔ lakika (misali la, ±0,5 pF) bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka filiw kɛ siɲɛ caman na minnu bɛ daminɛ ppm damadɔw la ka se ppm tan ni kɔ ma; o de kama, CL ye paramɛtɛrɛ dɔ ye min bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ ni hakili ye kosɛbɛ yɔrɔ sugandili waati.
- Jogoɲumanya Factor ani Frequency Stability
1.Jogoɲumanya Factor (Q-factor):A bɛ fɔ fana ko masin Q-factor, a bɛ fanga hakɛ jira min bɛ bɔnɛ rezonatɛri fɛ. Q-factor bɛ bɛn ESR ma cogo inverse la : ni ESR ka bon, Q-factor bɛ dɔgɔya, o bɛ na ni fanga ta caya ye ani frequency jiginni ka caya ni Q-factor ka bon, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka frequency saniya ni sabatili kuntaalajan sɔrɔ. Q-factor min bɛ kristalɛ oscillateurs haute-stabilités (dafalenba) la, o bɛ se ka se ba tan ni tan ma walima ka tɛmɛ o kan.
2.Frequency sabatili:O bɛ tali Kɛ kristalɛ-yɛrɛyɛrɛ bɔli-fɛrɛnkan bɛɛ lajɛlen na min bɛ Sɔrɔ kɛnɛma cogoyaw fɛ (i n’a fɔ funteni jiginni, kuran sɛnɛcogo jiginni, doni caman ɲɔgɔnnabɔli, ani kɔrɔya). A ka c’a la, a bɛ tila ka kɛ kulu fitininw ye i n’a fɔ funteni sabatili, tension sabatili, ani doni sabatili, wa a bɛ kɛ taamasiyɛn jɔnjɔn ye walasa ka kristalɛ ka baarakɛcogo jateminɛ sigida lakikaw kɔnɔ.
3.Kɔrɔya hakɛ:O bɛ tali kɛ frequency drift (fɔkan jiginni) la min bɛ sɔrɔ kristalɛ fɛnw ni fɛn dilanni taabolo jiginni fɛ waati kɔnɔ cogoya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw kɔnɔ (a ka c’a la, a bɛ suman sanw kɔnɔ). Sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛcogo jɔnjɔn si tɛ yen kɔrɔya hakɛ la; a ka c’a la, fɛn dilannikɛlaw b’a kɔlɔsi ni sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛcogo gansan ye, wa a kelen-kelen dɔw bɛ se ka tɛmɛ a nafa tɔgɔlama kan. Walasa ka baarakɛcogo tigitigiw kɛ, a ka ɲi ka lajɛ kɛ ni a dilabaga ye walasa ka kɔrɔya hakɛ garanti ani sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛcogo dɔn.
- Drive Power ye
Drive power bɛ tali kɛ fanga la min bɛ kɛ kristalɛ yɔrɔ fɛ oscillateur circuit yɛrɛ kɔnɔ, o bɛ suman ni microwatt (μW) ye. Ni bolifɛn fanga ka bon kojugu, o bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka frequency drift walima hali ka kristalɛ tiɲɛ, k’a sɔrɔ drive fanga dɔgɔya kojugu bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka oscilation (yɛrɛyɛrɛ) kɛ min tɛ se ka da a kan. Donanw sɛbɛnfura bɛ bolifɛn hakɛ ladilikan dɔ jira (misali la, 100 μW); dilan waati la, fanga yɛrɛ ka kan ka to yɔrɔ la min bɛ se ka kɛ ni oscillateur circuit ka gain ladilanni ye walima ka kɛnɛma current-limiting resistor fara a kan.
- Jateminɛ jɔnjɔn minnu ka kan ka kɛ walasa ka sugandili kɛ
Aw bɛ CL tɔgɔlama ni doni hakɛ dantigɛ (o ka kan ka bɛn MCU walima RF puce ka ɲininiw ma).Aw bɛ funteni{1}}fɛrɛnkan drift bɛnnen sugandi ka da baarakɛcogo funteni hakɛ kan (minnu hakɛ: ±20 fo ±50 ppm; izini walima mobili hakɛw bɛ muɲuli gɛlɛnw de wajibiya).
Aw ye aw janto ESR nafa camanba la; kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la ni aw bɛ baara kɛ ni pake misɛnninw ye (i n’a fɔ 3225 walima 2016), aw bɛ jiginni hakɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛ jatebɔ fɛ.
Ni aw ye baarakɛminɛnw ye minnu bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min ka bon - (i n’a fɔ kumaɲɔgɔnya ɲɔgɔndan ani sɛgɛsɛgɛli minɛnw), aw bɛ frequency sabatili ni kɔrɔya hakɛ jateminɛ kosɛbɛ.
PCB labɛn waati la, ka kristalɛ oscillateur taamasiyɛnw kɛ ka surunya i n’a fɔ a bɛ se ka kɛ cogo min na, ka kondansɛri minnu bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma, olu bila kristalɛ pinɛw gɛrɛfɛ, ani ka i yɛrɛ tanga jɛɲɔgɔnya ma ni nizɛri taamasiɲɛw ye minnu ka ca -frequency.
- Farankan:
Paramɛtɛrɛ minnu kofɔlen dòn san fɛ olu bɛ ɲɔgɔn na, wa u bɛɛ lajɛlen bɛ kristalɛ-yɛrɛyɛrɛ baarakɛcogo yɛrɛ Jira laɲini-yɔrɔ la. O fɛn ɲɛfɔlenw faamuyali n’u waleyacogo ɲuman bɛ dɛmɛ don ka wagati dilancogo dafalen sɔrɔ min bɛ se ka da a kan ani min bɛ tiɲɛ.